Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests

Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is highly relevant to the corporate scene, but companies must synchronize them with their shareholder interests in order to increase their chances of survival.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Position on Aaron Feuerstein’s views In the current business environment, it is not wise to hold such a view. Business landscapes have become ruthlessly competitive. If a CEO embarks on a venture that will benefit the larger community without creating a direct positive effect on profits, then other companies will run it out of business. They will be in a position to offer lower prices for their goods than the concerned firm, thus making it less attractive to consumers. If such endeavors continue in the long run, then the company may be forced to shut down. As such, the orga nization would be unable to safeguard either the community’s interests or the shareholders’ interests. For self preservation, companies must prioritize shareholder value over and above corporate social responsibility (Carrillo, 2007). If managers fail to do this, then the external environment will make that decision for them. The company may either be taken over by a stronger firm, or consumers will simply buy products from the competition. Most CEOs have the primary responsibility of enhancing shareholder value. If they do not achieve that, then they face the risk of removal by these very shareholders. Such a reality may not be true for family-owned businesses; however, most corporations in the world today have numerous shareholders who have the power to oust or retain a CEO. If one chooses to engage in a corporate responsibility initiative that does not add shareholder value, then that person is already making the decision for shareholders on how to spend their money . This is definitely not a CEO’s call. Therefore, I would say that corporate social responsibility should come second to shareholder interests. No CSR strategy should erode shareholder value. Nonetheless, if the initiative can co-exist or even enhance shareholder value, then companies should embrace it.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jack Welch’s vision versus Feuerstein’s vision At this point in time, profit maximization is what Malden Mills requires. The firm needs to focus on becoming competitive again. Therefore, Welch’s philosophies are more appropriate for the organization. Firms ought to improve social well being while serving their own interests. If taking care of the community or employees will create a fatal effect on shareholder value, then the former strategy should be forfeited. In Malden Mill’s industry, it is clear that a ruthless approach to profitability is necessary because failure to focus on this aspect is what led to Malden’s problems in the first place. Social welfare is not unimportant, but in the current corporate climate, it should enhance shareholder value. Several firms have embraced corporate social responsibility primarily because it is profitable to do so (Hsieh, 2009). For instance, manufacturing companies chose to use green energy because conventional energy prices soared. Therefore, they increased profits and also enhanced social well being through decreased pollution. These two strategies need to be in alignment with each other. Malden Mills went bankrupt and can only stretch its research and development strategies so far. It needs to take a bold approach to cost cutting and profit optimization. Conclusion Jack Welch’s vision will take this company because it has stagnated and even gone bankrupt owing to excessive CSR leanings. References Carrillo, E. (2007). Corpo rate governance: shareholder’s interests and other stakeholders’ interests. Corporate Ownership and Control 4(4): 222-235 Hsieh, N. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and the priority of shareholders. Business Ethics Journal 88: 553-560Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This case study on Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests was written and submitted by user Hazel Galloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isnt Murder

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isn't Murder The question of whether or not abortion is murder is one of the most contentious social and political issues of the day. Although the United States Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in 1973, the morality of terminating a pregnancy has been debated in the U.S. since at least the mid-1800s. A Brief History of Abortion Although abortions were performed in colonial America, they were not considered illegal or immoral. Premarital sex, however, was outlawed, which may have contributed to abortion being considered taboo by some. As in Great Britain, a fetus was not considered to be a living being until quickening, usually 18 to 20 weeks, when the mother could feel her unborn child move. Attempts to criminalize abortion began in Britain in 1803, when the procedure was outlawed if the quickening had already occurred. Further restrictions were passed in 1837.  In the U.S., attitudes toward abortion began to shift after the Civil War. Led by physicians who saw the practice as a threat to their profession and people opposed to the emerging womens rights movement, anti-abortion laws were passed in a majority of states by the 1880s. The outlawing of abortion in the U.S. did not make the practice disappear, however. Far from it. By the middle of the 20th century, it is estimated that as many as 1.2 million abortions were performed annually in the U.S. Because the procedure remained illegal, however, many women were forced to seek out abortionists who worked in unsanitary conditions or had no medical training, leading to the unnecessary deaths of countless patients due to infection or hemorrhaging. As the feminist movement gained steam in the 1960s, the push to legalize abortion gained momentum. By 1972, four states had repealed their abortion restrictions and another 13 had loosened them. The following year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7 to 2 that women had a right to an abortion, although states could impose restrictions on the practice. Is Abortion Murder? Despite or perhaps because of the Supreme Court ruling, abortion continues to be a hotly debated issue today. Many states have imposed severe restrictions on the practice, and religious and conservative politicians often frame the issue as one of morality and preserving the sanctity of life. Murder, as it is typically defined, involves the intentional death of another human person. Even if one were to assume that every embryo or fetus is as sentient as a grown human being, the lack of intent would still be enough to classify abortion as something other than murder. A Hypothetical Argument Lets imagine a scenario in which two men go deer hunting. One man mistakes his friend for a deer, shoots him, and accidentally kills him. Its hard to imagine that any reasonable person would describe this as murder, even though we would all know for certain that a real, sentient human person was killed. Why? Because the shooter thought he was killing a deer, something other than a real, sentient human person. Now consider the example of abortion. If a woman and her physician think theyre killing a non-sentient organism, then they would not be committing murder. At most, they would be guilty of involuntary manslaughter. But even involuntary manslaughter involves criminal negligence, and it would be very hard to judge someone criminally negligent for not personally believing that a pre-viable embryo or fetus is a sentient human person when we dont actually know this to be the case. From the point of view of someone who believes that every fertilized egg is a sentient human person, abortion would be horrific, tragic, and lethal. But it would be no more murderous than any other kind of accidental death. Sources Ravitz, Jessica. The Surprising History of Abortion in the United States. CNN.com. 27 June 2016.  BBC staff. Historial Attitudes to Abortion. BBC.co.uk. 2014.Carmon, Irin. A Brief History of Abortion Law in America. BillMoyers.com. 14 November 2017.Gold, Rachel Benson. Lessons from before Roe: Will Past be Prologue? Guttmacher.org. 1 March 2003.

Legal Thinking, Legal Logic, and Legal Philosophy Essay

Legal Thinking, Legal Logic, and Legal Philosophy - Essay Example Interpreting the law from different perspectives is a better approach to achieving justice. When using the constructive approach, interpretation of the law is more realistic because of its application to the specific situation at hand. Legal realism is the most appropriate legal philosophy for front-line supervisors in my profession. Notably, Holmes, who was a famous jurist in the United States Supreme Court, developed the approach. According to legal realism, the law defines the morality of the society. For this reason, the law has the role of promoting, redirecting, as well as hindering moral views. Supervisors should rely on legal realism and consider the law as an effective system for prediction of future outcomes if certain moral laws are broken (Posner, 2013). Moreover, supervisors who rely on legal realism do not let emotions confuse their analytical capability. Additionally, legal realism ensures that the supervisors do not base their judgments on their feelings, but rather focus on what is right. Legal realism promotes proactive behavior in supervisors who should focus on maintaining justice in all instances. Finally, legal realism ensures that supervisors can separate their opinions and emotions while ma king effective legal

Explain the determinants of daily price changes of a stock market Coursework

Explain the determinants of daily price changes of a stock market index of your choice - Coursework Example Based on relevant literature and economic theory, this paper explains why there is stock market price change almost every day. Determinants of Stock Market Price changes The table given below is a summary of stock price changes of Apple Inc, American Express, Ameriprise Financial Inc, Noble Corp and Johnson and Johnson, extracted from Bloomberg.com. This table illustrates daily stock price changes for the above mentioned companies. According to economists, there are various reasons and driving forces for this stock market price changes. Â   Apr-18 Apr-19 Daily Price Change Apr-20 Apr-21 Daily Price Change Apr-26 Apr-27 Daily Price Change Apple Inc 437.92 438.95 0.30% 439.3 448.21 2.00% 455.13 456.5 0.30% American Express 53.05 52.67 0.70% 52.67 52.83 0.30% Â   Â   Â   Ameriprise Financial Inc 69.7 70.1 0.60% Â   Â   Â   70.4 70.1 0.30% Noble Corp 46.79 46.82 0.10% Â   Â   Â   47.55 47.49 0.10% Johnson and Johnson 64.56 64.75 0.30% 65.11 65.44 0.33% Â   Â   Â   Source: Ro se, April 19, 2011, Rose, April 21, 2011, Rose April 25, 2011 and Rose April 27, 2011 The major forces in the market are demand and supply and the same play significant roles in fluctuating the stock price too. The above table shows that stock price of different companies change almost every day in different proportions. For instance, Apple’s share price change was 0.30% between April 18 and April 19 and 0.20% between April 20 and April 21. This change is the result of market forces namely demand and supply. In simple economic terms, if more people want to buy a commodity (share) than they want to sell it, then the price essentially increases. If more people want to sell it than buy it, then price conversely move down. It is highly important to understand what makes people prefer a particular share to another one. People like a stock only when they get good and positive news about the company, such as company’s earning. Investopedia (2011) considers market capitalizati on and company’s earning as major measures that people value stock price of a company. The value of a company is perhaps its market capitalization which can be found by multiplying the stock price by the outstanding shares. For instance, a company that sells its share at $250 and it has 10,000 outstanding shares has considerably less value than a company that sells its share at $100 and has 30,000 outstanding shares (250*10,000 = 250,000 whereas 100*30,000 is 300,000). People anticipate and even extensively go for studying the earnings or profitability of a company when they think to buy or sell its share, and if this causes them to buy more, as a result the demand will be more and the price will move up. If people find that company not to be profitable in long-run, they eventually will like to sell its shares and it will increases its supply causing price to decrease. Brigham and Houston (p. 10) explained that stock price changes over time as conditions change and investors obtain new information about a company’s prospects. A good example that he mentioned was stock price variation of Apple Inc. Its stock price ranged from $77 to 4193 between 12 months in 2008 rising and falling as good and bad news about the company released. Stock Price change and Gordon Growth model Gordon Growth mod

Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affirmative Action - Essay Example This multipurpose term is used for the set of programs developed by government in order to eliminate the discrimination based on race and gender. The affirmative action programs provide opportunities in education and employment. This facilitates the opportunities that can help beneficiary group to improve its skill, opportunities and uplift the social status. There are various studies that have covered the controversies around the affirmative action within the American society and politics. This has been viewed a politically motivated activity to increase or maintain the vote banks. The controversy is also linked with the tangibility factors of the affirmative action. This is termed as ‘reverse discrimination or preferential treatment’ by Mangum. Berry (2004) has studied the expansion of the affirmative action programs to the private sector by providing educational, training and employment opportunity to the protected groups with increase their recruitment in the organiz ation. There have been various studies and debates over the controversies around affirmative action.

Karl Marx: The Structure-Agency Problem

Karl Marx: The Structure-Agency Problem A hugely influential revolutionary thinker and philosopher, Marx did not live to see his ideas carried out in his own lifetime, but his writings formed the theoretical base for modern international communism. Karl Marx (1818-1883), was a German economist, philosopher, and revolutionist whose writings form the basis of the body of ideas known as Marxism. One of Marxs most important intellectual influences was the philosophy of George Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). Hegels signature concept was that of the dialectic, a word that originally referred to the process of logical argumentation and refutation. Hegels influence on Marx is evident in Marxs belief that history is evolving through a series of conflicts in a predictable, unavoidable direction. Hegel also influenced Marx in his characterization of the modern age. Marxs theory, which he called historical materialism is based on Hegels. Hegel claims that history occurs through a dialectic, or clash, of opposing forces. Hegel was a philo sophical idealist who believed that we live in a world of appearances, and true reality is an ideal. Marx accepted this notion of the dialectic, but rejected Hegels idealism because he did not accept that the material world hides from us. With the aid of Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) he produced much of the theory of modern Socialism and Communism. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism holds at its core a critical analysis of capitalism and a theory of social change. The powerful and innovative methods of analysis introduced by Marx have been very influential in a broad range of disciplines. The economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism. A Marxists thought is based on this daily practice, a philosophy called dialectics Thus, Marxism is both a theory and a practice. The theories of Marxism are sometimes called dialectical materialism; theory is based on a particular set of conditions that are always finite, and thus, any theory is necessarily limited. To test the validity of theory, Marxists rely on practice as the criteria of truth. Using such a methodology Marx and Engels examined history, which lead them to elaborate theories of the class struggle, the basis of social relations through economics, and the form of society that could follow capitalism. The bourgeoisie or capitalists are the owners of capital, purchasing and exploiting labour power, using the surplus value from employment of this labour power to accumulate or expand their capital. The proletariat are owners of labour power (the ability to work), and mere owners of labour power, with no resources other than the ability to work with their hands, bodies, and minds. Marx studied the differences arising between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie are interested mainly in developing a capitalist society, using advanced methods of production. The bourgeoisie are the capitalist who own the factories, the product made in the factories and controlled all the trade. The Proletariats have gained nothing in society but the thrill of their own labour. The proletariats feel that they are treated poorly from bourgeoisies; they receive only enough in life to survive and have no chance of achieving a higher, class status. The proletariats helped to improve production in society, which developed Capitalism and helped it to grow faster. The proletariats were not getting the wages they deserve for the labour that was accomplished. Marx wanted the proletariats to stand up to the bourgeoisie and cause a class conflict. The distribution of political power is determined by power over production (i.e., capital). Capital confers political power, which the bourgeois class uses to legitimatize and protect their property and consequent social relations. Class relations are political, and in the mature capitalist society, the states business is that of the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the intellectual basis of state rule, the ideas justifying the use of state power and its distribution, are those of the ruling class. The intellectual-social culture is merely a superstructure resting on the relation of production, on ownership of the means of production. Marx used the term mode of production to refer to the specific organization of economic production in a given socie ty. A mode of production includes the means of production used by a given society, such as factories and other facilities, machines, and raw materials. It also includes labour and the organization of the labour force. The term relation of production refers to the relationship between those who own the means of production (the capitalists or bourgeoisie) and those who do not (the workers or the proletariat). According to Marx, history evolves through the interaction between the mode of production and the relations of production. The mode of production constantly evolves toward a realization of its fullest productive capacity, but this evolution creates antagonisms between the classes of people defined by the relations of production-owners and workers. Capitalism is a mode of production based on private ownership of the means of production. Capitalists produce commodities for the exchange market and to stay competitive must extract as much labour from the workers as possible at the lowest possible cost. The economic interest of the capitalist is to pay the worker as little as possible, in fact just enough to keep the workers alive and productive. The workers, in turn, come to understand that their economic interest lies in preventing the capitalist from exploiting them in this way. As this example shows, the social relations of production are inherently antagonistic, giving rise to a class struggle that Marx believes will lead to the overthrow of capitalism by the proletariat. The proletariat will replace the capitalist mode of production with a mode of production based on the collective ownership of the means of production, which is called Communism. Marx describes how the worker under a capitalist mode of production becomes estra nged from himself, from his work, and from other workers. Drawing on Hegel, Marx argues that labour is central to a human beings self-conception and sense of well-being. By working on and transforming objective matter into sustenance and objects of use-value, human beings meet the needs of existence. Labour is as much an act of personal creation and a projection of ones identity as it is a means of survival. However, capitalism, the system of private ownership of the means of production, deprives human beings of this essential source of self-worth and identity. The worker approaches work only as a means of survival and derives none of the other personal satisfactions of work because the products of his labour do not belong to him. These products are instead expropriated by capitalists and sold for profit. In capitalism, the worker, who is alienated or estranged from the products he creates, is also estranged from the process of production, which he regards only as a means of surviva l. Estranged from the production process, the worker is therefore also estranged from his or her own humanity, since the transformation of nature into useful objects is one of the fundamental facets of the human condition. The worker is thus alienated from his or her species being, from what it is to be human. Finally, the capitalist mode of production alienates human beings from other human beings. Deprived of the satisfaction that comes with owning the product of ones labour, the worker regards the capitalist as external and hostile. The alienation of the worker from his work and of the worker from capitalists forms the basis of the antagonistic social relationship that will eventually lead to the overthrow of capitalism. The labour theory of value states that the value of a commodity is determined by the amount of labour that went into producing it. Marx defines a commodity as an external object that satisfies wants or needs and distinguishes between two different kinds of value that can be attributed to it. Commodities have a use-value that consists of their capacity to satisfy such wants and needs. For the purposes of economic exchange, they have an exchange-value, their value in relation to other commodities on the market, which is measured in terms of money. Marx asserts that in order to determine the relative worth of extremely different commodities with different use-values, exchange-value, or monetary value, must be measurable in terms of a property common to all such commodities. The only thing that all commodities have in common is that they are a product of labour. Therefore, the value of a commodity in a market represents the amount of labour that went into its production. The labour theor y is important in Marxs work not because it gives special insight into the nature of prices but because it forms the foundation of Marxs notion of exploitation. In the simplest form of exchange, people produce commodities and sell them so that they can buy other commodities to satisfy their own needs and wants. For Marx, the enterprise is the nucleus of class war both capital and labour are united by certain latent interests which, being contradictory, places them on the opposite sides of a conflict relation. Classes are conflict groups under conditions of absence of mobility, superimposition of authority, property, and general social status, superimposition of industrial and political conflict, and absence of effective conflict regulation. For Marx alienation is a physical and psychological condition which arises out of the conditions of modern work. Since the worker does not own what he produces, since he lives as an extension of the machine, since he hates what he does, then the worker does not own his own life, he is in a basic sense simply a human machine. He exists to himself as an alien object; the reality of capitalism for Marx is that it is not free. For Marx the connections between the theory of capitalism and the conditions of modern life are all too clear. Marx believed society was an evolving struggle. He believed Capitalism was an evolving structure. However, unlike Adam Smith, Marx did not believe this evolution was always smooth, nor did he believe it evolved for the best. In fact Marx, predicted the collapse of Capitalism. Marx placed great value on economic forces for explaining social structures. Marx examined society and argued that the wealth of capitalists was based on paying labour less than their true labour value (underpaid labour). This difference between the true labour value and the wages paid led to the accumulation of money capital. Workers were abused and disenfranchised. As capitalism developed, Marx predicted, workers would become increasingly alienated and seek to overthrow the capitalist class. Growth was not guaranteed but could become volatile leading to periods of economic slump. Marxists certainly point to the Great Depression of a vindication of how capitalism can fail.

Marginality and Othering in Metalious’ Peyton Place Essay -- Peyton Pl

Marginality and Othering in Metalious’Peyton Place Metalious’ best known novel, Peyton Place, was a bestseller and a media phenomenon in the mid-1950s and 1960s, creating a stir because of its depictions of teenage sexuality, incest, and illegal abortion. Surprisingly, however, few close examinations of the novel’s content and style have been published by literary critics. This essay provides a discussion of a key concern in the novel: racial, ethnic, geographical, and sexual marginality. Written to challenge the inscription of white, middle class, nuclear family life as the standard by which difference should be measured, Peyton Place features several characters who inhabit the metaphorical margins of American society, including Samuel Peyton, an escaped slave and the founder of the town; Tomoas Makris, a mysteriously handsome Greek school principal with several resemblances to George Metalious; and Selena Cross, a dark-skinned, beautiful young woman describes as a â€Å"gypsy,† whose life ties in to the incest and abortion subplots within the novel. I will provide a working definition of marginality and â€Å"othering† to begin this essay, followed by a discussion of Metalious’ social status as a French Canadian in New Hampshire, a description of the characterizations of Samuel Peyton and Selena Cross, and a final word on realism, reception, and the novel’s legacy. Marginality and â€Å"othering† are terms that have a long history in literary and critical discourse of the 20th century. In cultural criticism of the last three decades, these terms have been used to describe differences in power among individuals, nations, and cultural forms. In Orientalism, for instance, Edward Said invokes this idea of marg... ...ched understanding of the novel’s legacy. The unique and provocative treatments of marginality and othering in Peyton Place illustrate conflicts and anxieties that remain unresolved in 21st century American culture. Works Cited Mussell, Kay. Fantasy and Reconciliation: Contemporary Formulas of Women’s Romance Fiction. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984. Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. Sorrell, Richard S. â€Å"A Novelist and Her Ethnicity: Grace Metalious as a Franco-American,† Historical New Hampshire, Fall 1980: 284-327. Stearns, Jane and Michael Stearns. â€Å"Peyton Place.† Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. New York: Harper, 1992: 381-383. Toth, Emily. Inside Peyton Place: The Life of Grace Metalious. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001. â€Å"Unpopular Best Seller.† Life, November 12, 1956: 104.

How schools kills creativity Essay

Sir Ken Robinson present about how schools kills creativity in a very interesting way. In other words, he manage to grab people’s attention in all over twenty minutes of the presentation by telling jokes. According to Sir Ken Robinson these days students are educated to be a good workers rather than creators. Sir Ken said â€Å"Creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.† children have a great ability in innovation because they are not afraid to make mistakes. According to Sir Ken if you’re not prepared to be wrong you’ll never come up with anything original. However, being wrong is not the same thing as being creative but you can’t be creative unless you make some mistakes. These days we teach our children that being wrong is the worst thing ever and that kills creativity in them. Every single child in the world is an artist according to Picasso and if they’re frighten to make mistake they won’t be able to create anything, thus we’re educating them out of their creative capacities as Sir Ken said. No doubt that what Sir Ken said is right and I totally agree with him. I think that the way that we are educating people these days is not right at all, because we are putting limits to their minds. In other words, we recruit people to be workers not creators and so people want their degrees just to get a good job. As a result, they get their job and that’s it they do nothing, if we will push all people to study and get their degrees 50 years later degrees will have no value. Many people have talent but they think they’re not as Sir Ken said â€Å"Many highly talented, brilliant, creative people think they’re not — because the thing they were good at school wasn’t valued, or was actually stigmatized.†

World War II Essays - World War II, Military Strategy, Free Essays

World War II Essays - World War II, Military Strategy, Free Essays World War II In the early morning hours of September 1, 1939, the German armies marched into Poland. On September 3 the British and French surprised Hitler by declaring war on Germany, but they had no plans for rendering active assistance to the Poles. The Battle of Britain In the summer of 1940, Hitler dominated Europe from the North Cape to the Pyrenees. His one remaining active enemy?Britain, under a new prime minister, Winston Churchill?vowed to continue fighting. Whether it could was questionable. The British army had left most of its weapons on the beaches at Dunkirk. Stalin was in no mood to challenge Hitler. The U.S., shocked by the fall of France, began the first peacetime conscription in its history and greatly increased its military budget, but public opinion, although sympathetic to Britain, was against getting into the war. The Germans hoped to subdue the British by starving them out. In June 1940 they undertook the Battle of the Atlantic, using submarine warfare to cut the British overseas lifelines. The Germans now had submarine bases in Norway and France. At the outset the Germans had only 28 submarines, but more were being built?enough to keep Britain in danger until the spring of 1943 and to carry on the battle for months thereafter. Invasion was the expeditious way to finish off Britain, but that meant crossing the English Channel; Hitler would not risk it unless the British air force could be neutralized first. As a result, the Battle of Britain was fought in the air, not on the beaches. In August 1940 the Germans launched daylight raids against ports and airfields and in September against inland cities. The objective was to draw out the British fighters and destroy them. The Germans failed to reckon with a new device, radar, which greatly increased the British fighters' effectiveness. Because their own losses were too high, the Germans had to switch to night bombing at the end of September. Between then and May 1941 they made 71 major raids on London and 56 on other cities, but the damage they wrought was too indiscriminate to be militarily decisive. On September 17, 1940, Hitler postponed the invasion indefinitely, thereby conceding defeat in the Battle of Britain. U.S. Aid to Britain The U.S. abandoned strict neutrality in the European war and approached a confrontation with Japan in Asia and the Pacific Ocean. U.S. and British conferences, begun in January 1941, determined a basic strategy for the event of a U.S. entry into the war, namely, that both would center their effort on Germany, leaving Japan, if need be, to be dealt with later. In March 1941 the U.S. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act and appropriated an initial $7 billion to lend or lease weapons and other aid to any countries the president might designate. By this means the U.S. hoped to ensure victory over the Axis without involving its own troops. By late summer of 1941, however, the U.S. was in a state of undeclared war with Germany. In July, U.S. Marines were stationed in Iceland, which had been occupied by the British in May 1940, and thereafter the U.S. Navy took over the task of escorting convoys in the waters west of Iceland. In September President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized ships on convoy duty to attack Axis war vessels. The German Invasion of the USSR The war's most massive encounter began on the morning of June 22, 1941, when slightly more than 3 million German troops invaded the USSR. Although German preparations had been visible for months and had been talked about openly among the diplomats in Moscow, the Soviet forces were taken by surprise. Stalin, his confidence in the country's military capability shaken by the Finnish war, had refused to allow any counteractivity for fear of provoking the Germans. Moreover, the Soviet military leadership had concluded that blitzkrieg, as it had been practiced in Poland and France, would not be possible on the scale of a Soviet-German war; both sides would therefore confine themselves for the first several weeks at least to sparring along the frontier. The Soviet army had 2.9 million troops on the western border and outnumbered the Germans by two to one in tanks and by two

Protest Globalization essays

Protest Globalization essays When I look at the word Globalization many things come into my mind. However, the most positive of them consist of; a world that is more connected, the sharing of different thoughts and ideas and a world in which there are almost no barriers on what we listen to, read and even think. My generation has grown up in the prime of this and I have seen first hand the goodness that can come out of it and I have benefited in many ways from it. However, where there is a good side to Globalization, there too must be a bad one and that can be seen in the term Corporate Globalization. This term has been used a lot in the past decade, not only by me but by people all over the world that have seen the horrible affects of Corporations going global. In the following essay I will try to portray to you why there are a growing number of protests over this type of Globalization and I will give suggestions as to how we may end the corporate slaughter that is affecting all of us. The term Corporate Globalization is very self-explanatory in nature, but so are a lot of things. It is by looking within the term that we will find the true definition of what Corporate Globalization really is. Corporate Globalization is the way in which huge corporations all over the world (not just in the United States, although that is where a lot of it comes from) go into countries where they feel they can make a profit in (mainly countries in the Third World). In doing so these companies are taking a country that was once completely self sufficient and reliant on no one and putting them into the hands of major First World Powers. These corporations then force a huge change among the country that they are entering; this can be seen through the way in which the labourers are affected. When these corporations higher workers, they are only hiring them because they know that they can make a huge profit from being there ...

Attendance and Participation Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attendance and Participation Reflection - Essay Example This paper will look at my reflection on the attendance of cloud computing classes. I began attending the classes with an aim of advancing my understanding of computing and internetworking of computers in order to advance my understanding of the interconnectivity of the computers in a network. I had not imagined of using the interconnection aspect to ease the work at my father’s business. However, when I realized the need to improve the mode of operation of the business through cloud computing, I became more and more interested in the course and devoted much of my time in learning what actually this new aspect in the field of computing really mean and how I could apply this knowledge to improve and expand the business. The course made me realize that I can actually use only one computer as my main server and connect several other computers (commonly referred to as the daughter computers) to it in order to share information from a single pool. These other daughter computers (sister stations) can then be linked to one another and the same software be used at t he same time by several other users (multiple user aspect) (Jansen and Grace, 2011). Upon the realization of how easy computers can make life so cheap and efficient, I tried so much to invest much of my time in learning the basics of interconnectivity so that I could do this back at the business site. The topic on â€Å"Reliable and Secure it services† which was taught in the middle of the course actually evoked more my curiosity concerning how banks operate in sharing their services in different regions without actually doing it through the internet as I thought before. The topic was examining how reliable and secure such a network can be as compared to the other types of networking such as the global networking processes enabled by the companies such as Google and Microsoft. I then realized I can help my father expand his business in various regions and monitor the operations and remittance of the

An Epidemic of Fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Epidemic of Fear - Essay Example The impact of their study back then is worth nothing such that even today the immunization rates of measles, mumps and rubella have not been fully recovered. About the outbreak of epidemic emerging a year before Wakefield’s research was proven to be fraudulent, I feel that there was no connection between vaccines and autism in the first place. The research was highly plausible. In his article â€Å" An Epidemic of Fear†, Offit voiced out various risks. He never lobbied the Bush administration in its endeavors to implement a program that was aimed at giving smallpox vaccines to tens of thousands of Americans. He feared that implemented this program will kill people. According to him, the preventive vaccine was a bigger risk than the risk of chicken pox itself. It was the notion of risk in his mind that triggered the anti-vaccine movement. He felt that the parents should be given the option to opt out of such vaccines and be able to see for themselves if the movement would be risky for children or not. The idea was also embedded in CDC’s vaccination schedule- the overall risk to public health after such a move was too big to allow individuals or to give them the liberty to make decisions that will affect their communities. The risk is also one of the main motivating aspects of Offit’s life. He took the risk of giving his teen children the flu-vaccine even before it was recommended for children of their age group. The risk here for him was the harm inflicted on his children if they got sick. He wanted to protect his children at any risk and he also wanted Americans to be completely educated about risk and not automate their thinking mechanism. According to him â€Å" choice not to get a vaccine is not a choice to take no risk, It’s just a choice to take a different risk, and we need to be better about saying, ‘Here’s what that different risk looks like.’