An Essential Component For Human Development - 1680 Words

Introduction Water is an essential component for human development for its ability to keep the body hydrated and conduct complex physiological process to ensure for a healthy wellbeing. In addition, water is vital as it composes 75% of the human body. Several other features water is beneficial for humans is that it assists in transporting nutrients and waste products into and out of the cell, distribute and dissolve oxygen and carbon dioxide present in the lymphatic and haemolytic system to the surrounding tissue, monitor salt and mineral concentrations, and maintain a balanced body temperature. A significant loss of water from the body can result in death, thus with no doubt water is absolutely essential to life. However two fifths of the world’s population do not have access to clean and sanitary drinking water (World Health Organization, 2000). Worldwide, there is less than 1% clean and accessible drinking water and majority of the fresh water is in North America. It is a human right to have access to safe and sanitary drinking water to ensure long-term health, but millions of people are threatened of the risk factors associated with unsanitary water and catch diseases due to biological and chemical contamination. Due to an increase in urbanization, industrial growth, and practice of agriculture to accommodate for the booming population growth, pollution resulting from human intervention has not been managed adequately and thus poses environmental and health concern.Show MoreRelatedNutrition Is A Essential Component Of Remaining Healthy Individual1301 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition Nutrition is a crucial component of remaining a healthy individual. Healthy eating, and exercise can allow for children and adults to remain healthy. For children, nutrition is extremely important. By learning healthy habits and exercise in the early years of life, a child will be more likely to remain healthy throughout its life and reduce the risk of various diseases. Nutrition is providing the proper amounts of food that is required for growth and development of a child. By providing yourRead MoreLearning Team Deliverable Week 3 1055 Words   |  5 PagesHRM/552-Organizational Training and Development Sherri Johnson December 1, 2014 Learning Team Deliverable- Week 3 The assignment for this week focuses on the team’s understanding of the goals and objectives of training program development and delivery. Team C summarizes the following highlights of this week’s discussions: determining organizational development theories and applications; differentiating between mentoring and executive coaching; identifying the major components of employee training; and comparingRead MoreMotivation And School Applications Of Motivation839 Words   |  4 Pages(Schunk, 2012). The stimuli-response model of the behaviorist paradigm did not account for the cognitive aspects current theorists assert are intrinsic to the learning process (Martinez, 2010; Schunk, 2012). Behaviorism is the attempt to understand humans through observations of their actions rather than on a cognitive level and considers the learning process as a superficial construction between stimuli and responses (Bransford, Brown, Cocking, 2000; Schunk, 2012). The advent of cognitive sciencesRead MoreHow The Atmosphere Is A Complex Fluid System Outside Earth1693 Words   |  7 Pageslong-term development and formation. The main components of the Earth s atmosphere is nitrogen and oxygen, the nine planets in the solar system composition is very special. Composition of the global atmosphere more of the ingredients can be divided into stable and unstable constituent components. The former include nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium, krypton, methane, hydrogen, xenon, these gases the ratio between the height range from the surface to 90km are stable. Unstable atmospheric components includeRead MoreHuman Breast Milk : A Review On Its Composition And Bioactivity1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe article â€Å"Human breast milk: A review on its composition and bioactivity† was found on the database called CINAHL complete. The terms â€Å"breast milk† and â€Å"health† were used during the search. The abstract of the article is the following: â€Å"Breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants, a result of millions of years of evolution, finely attuning it to the requirements of the infant. Breast milk contains many complex proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, the concentrations of which alter dramaticallyRead MoreBusiness Continuity Planning1059 Words   |  4 Pagescontinuity planning has become an essential tool that is used to help firms prepare for different contingencies and account for uncertainty. During this process, there is a focus on the effects it will have, in the form of a business impact analysis (BIA). To fully understand how this is influencing organizations requires carefully focusing on: the methods for establishing component priorities, determining reliance / dependencies and providing recommendations for the development of the plan. Together, theseRead MorePrinciple 3 : Systems Strengthening System Of The Health Care System That Support A Sustainable Routine Immunization Program1550 Words   |  7 PagesPRINCIPLE 3: SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING Component 3: USAID will emphasize strengthening system components of the health care system that support a sustainable routine immunization program. Weak vaccination programs are the result of weak health systems. If the cold chain is not maintained properly, then vaccines cannot be assured to be potent and viable. If proper waste disposal procedures are not in place, then the public is put at unnecessary risk. If training for health workers is inadequate, thenRead MoreThe Importance Of Human Resource Management For Any Organization1495 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION This report provides the understanding and importance of Human Resource Management for any organisation. The report shows how HRM contributes in any organisational achievements. In this report HR planning and development methods are examined in detail and the way to improve HR performance are suggested. COMPANY BACKGROUND The Coca-Cola Company is one of the world’s top soft drink makers. Coca-Cola owns the best-known soft drink brands such as, Coca-cola, Diet Coke, Fanta and SpriteRead MoreThe Theory Of The Acu Induction Program1288 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsibilities and to the ACU Mission, culture, ethos, community, organisational structure and the legal requirements associated with employment at the University. Undertaking and completing the ACU Induction Program, including successful completion of essential online learning modules, within the first six months is a condition of employment for all new staff of ACU to whom this Policy applies. 3. Policy Purpose The purpose of this policy is to articulate the importance of inducting staff to ACU andRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Effects On Society1393 Words   |  6 PagesI. From bench to beside (1) The development of new treatments including medicines are distinguished for being time consuming, costly and complex. However, this timely manner is beneficial for society as it meant to provide an efficient and safe medication. Concerns regarding when animal studies are necessary compared to clinical trials has been a debatable topic among society. For over a decade, animal research has served as a fundamental component in many medical findings. Mousses are commonly

Love and Deception in Medea, by Euripides Essay - 507 Words

Love and Deception in Medea, by Euripides There are many pieces of literature that may entail more than one theme throughout the story. The tragedy, Medea, by Euripides is very good example of this. Throughout this story, the themes of betrayal and love, revenge, and women’s rights arise. Euripides brings these points up to help the reader to realize that women are powerful. Betrayal is a very important theme throughout this story. Her husband Jason betrays Medea, when he abandons her and her children for another woman. Medea then realizes that Jason used her for her power and then dropped her when the chance to be more powerful arose. Medea’s nurse says: â€Å"Jason has betrayed his sons and her, takes the bed a royal bride,†¦show more content†¦(P.19-26) Jason left her for the princess of Corinth. Medea felt used and betrayed by the man that she was totally in love with. When Medea met Jason, he was on a voyage to possess the Golden Fleece. Medea goes against her father, her land, steals the Golden Fleece for Jason, commits murder, slows down her fathers army by killing her brother and laying out his body parts, all for the man she loved. And in returned, Jason betrays her for his own interest in power. Revenge is another important theme in this tragedy. After Jason betrays Medea, her immediate response is revenge. Revenge on Jason for making a fool of her and leaving her and their children all alone. Jason has left Medea feeling lonely and heart broken. She wants Jason to feel the hurt and pain that she does. In revenge for what Jason has cause Medea to feel she kills his new bride and her father, an agonizing death of deadly poison. She then kills her own two sons. Medea is ashamed of what she has done to her sons, but does it to make Jason hurt the way she has. She says: Never again alive shall he see the sons he had by me, nor any child by this new bride of his- poor girl, who has to die a wretched death, poisoned by me. (1.3.803-807) Medea thinks that doing to Jason what he has done to her will make her feel better. She leaves Jason with no one. By killing her sons, there is no one left to carry on his name. Euripides brings up the theme of women’sShow MoreRelatedEuripides Medea Of Euripides1262 Words   |  6 PagesMedea of Euripides is an ancient Greek tragedy play written by Euripides, grounded upon the legend of two characters Medea and Jason. Euripides wrote Medea of Euripides in 431 BC at a time in Greece, when males were governing, and women had limited rights. Medea, the protagonist, was the daughter of Aeetes of Colchis, she was driven by passion and committed horrendous crimes for the love of Jason. In the opening act, Medea is standing outside of Jason house in Corinth as she explicates to the ChoresRead More Loyal Disobedience - A Social Tract of Euripides in Medea and Helen1737 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Tract of Euripides      Ã‚  Ã‚   In ancient Greece the females were considered to be conniving and deceiving whisperers, and men almost never trusted their wives.   The ideal woman was an obedient and placating wife.   They believed that the female should be strong but still yield to the power of the male in charge, whether it was older brother, father, or husband.   Euripides often used females in uncommon ways; he did not simply show them as complacent animals.   Women in Euripides plays were usedRead MoreAnalysis Of Medea And All My Sons 1974 Words   |  8 PagesThe literary pieces that I chose for my Final Project, I am the classic play written by Euripides, Medea by Euripides constructed in 431 B.C. and All My Sons written by Arthur Miller in 1947. The propose of this paper is to analyze the classical work of Medea and the contemporary work, All My Sons, for their particular storytelling components, themes and the assessment and narrative choices that the authors utilized as it connects to the literary convention of their time period. In addition, I willRead MoreWomen In Ancient Greece Had Very Few Rights In Comparison1554 Words   |  7 Pagesnear the end of the 8th century BC, Penelope is constructed as the archetype for the â€Å"good† woman and the ideal wife. In The Medea, an ancient tragedy written by Euripides and first produced in 432 BC, we find a female that transgresses the idealized boundaries of femininity. Medea is consequently labeled as â€Å"deviant† and must face devastating consequences. While The Medea offered the opportunity for female empowerment and the evolution of women and femininity in Greek mythology, we ultimately seeRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Medea And Nora2328 Words   |  10 Pagestragedy found in his Poetics, translated by S.H Butcher, is that the genre is â€Å"an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude† (23). The different â€Å"magnitude[s]† of tragedy are explored in both Henrik Ibsen’s and in Euripides’ plays; arguably both are influenced by contrasting circumstances at the time of writing. Often the male is seen as the hero in tragedies, with strength being seen as a masculine trait and weakness as a feminine trait. However, Helene P. Foley arguesRead MoreAnalysis Of Medea And Homer s The Odyssey 1409 Words   |  6 Pagesworks of literature, we come across Euripides’ Medea translated by Rex Warner and Homer’s The Odyssey translated by Richmond Lattimore. The main characters of these novels, Medea and Odysseus respectively, show character traits and skills that set them as heroes. A hero is a great character who is destined to suffer and is distinguished from his/her courage, skill and strength. While Odysseus generally conforms to the stereotypical gender roles within his culture, Medea does not; and despite their differencesRead MoreEssay on Medea and Nietzsches Will to Power4275 Words   |  18 PagesMe dea and Nietzsches Will to Power When Medea kills her children, audiences react with shock and horror. Any sympathy viewers have built for the woman is, in the words of Elizabeth Vandiver, â€Å"undercut† by this act (15). Since Medea is the protagonist, we question why Euripides chose to make her a child murderer. Most scholars agree that he invented this part of the myth. He also lessened her role as witch by drawing attention to her human qualities. This only highlights the infanticide (14)

The Most Effective President Free Essays

Who is the most effective president since 1950?   An effective president has good foreign relations and helps the country through aid, social programs, and more. An effective president also cares for his people.   Lyndon B. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Effective President or any similar topic only for you Order Now Johnson fits these criteria.   He is the most effective president of the last 50 years or so. Lyndon Johnson was born in 1908 in Texas.   He experienced some poverty, as he lived in a rural area, and he had to fight to pay his way through college.   However, he managed to get a degree from the Southwest Texas State Teachers’ College.   In 1934, he married Claudia â€Å"Lady Bird† Taylor. The first office Johnson held was as a Representative in the House, where he was for Roosevelt’s New Deal.   He spent a total of six terms as a Representative, and during this time also served in the military during World War II, winning a silver star for his services as a lieutenant.   After this, Johnson was elected to the Senate in 1948.   In 1953, he began the Senate minority leader, the youngest man to ever hold the position.   In this position, he supported and passed many Eisenhower initiatives, which was unusual since they were not the major party at the time. Johnson’s presidential campaign began when he was Kennedy’s running mate and then vice president from 1960 – 1963.   After Kennedy’s assassination, he was sworn in as the president.   His first moves were to pass a civil rights bill and a tax cut, which had been a part of Kennedy’s plans prior to his death.   Johnson was sensitive to civil rights because he had worked with Mexican children during his adolescence in Texas. Johnson was also a great speaker, and he urged the nation to ‘build a great society.’   He won the election of 1964 with the highest margin ever, over 15 million votes.   In his first full term as president, Johnson began to do many public works. These are the works that made him a truly great president, and they include â€Å"aid to education, attack on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, development of depressed regions, a wide-scale fight against poverty, control and prevention of crime and delinquency, [and] removal of obstacles to the right to vote.†Ã‚   These were important steps in fighting the problems of the country, including racism, poverty, and more.   Johnson also helped the elderly through the 1965 Medicare amendment to the Social Security Act. Besides working to help those in the country who could not help themselves, Johnson also aided the space program, which successfully put men into space, men who orbited the moon, in 1968.   Besides just going to space, the space program also came up with many useful inventions that are now common in the homes of all Americans; Johnson funded this research. There were only two bad things that happened during Johnson’s presidency: blacks rioting in the ghettos over discrimination, and the increasing threats from Communists in Vietnam and elsewhere.   Johnson did his best to try to put down the riots and have peace talks with the Communists.  Ã‚   In fact, peace talks were still happening when Johnson left the White House and died shortly after. Johnson was president until 1968, and afterwards he returned to his home in Johnson, Texas.   He died there in 1973 of a sudden heart attack. The least effective president of the last 50 years, in contrast to Johnson, was Carter.   His efforts to create jobs and reduce inflation were met with some failure, as the economy took a downturn and interest rates and inflation remained extremely high.   Carter also spent a lot of time worrying about the environment and foreign affairs, and not a lot of time working to reduce poverty or racial discrimination. Johnson was a great man.   He worked to fix all of the problems in the country, including racial issues, which were huge at that time.   Desegregation had been ordered but was not being carried out; Johnson sought to fix that.   He also made available help to those who were impoverished, giving them a new chance to succeed in life, and improving the health of the country in general.   Johnson was the most effective president of the last 50 years. Bibliography â€Å"Lyndon B. Johnson.†Ã‚   The White House Biographies.   Accessed December 12, 2006. How to cite The Most Effective President, Essay examples

Passion for My Family Essay Example For Students

Passion for My Family Essay When I heard in class that I had to write a paper about what I had passion for, I thought of numerous things that I had a passion for. However, my teacher said I could only choose three things that I had passion for. It was quite hard at first to choose, but then I thought about the most important ones. From then, I knew what I was going to write about. The first thing that came into my mind was clear and it was to write about my family. I have passion for my family because they are the most important people in my life. If it wasn’t for them, I would not be here today writing this essay. My family inspires me every day by telling me to push myself toward my goals and to become independent for my future that I am headed for. They also are the ones who teach me how to learn from my mistakes and tell me what’s good for me and what’s bad. There are many ways I have passion for my family because they are the ones who are always beside me no matter what. I can trust and look up to my family, when ever I am in trouble or going through a rough time. Even though, it can be embarrassing, I still would have passion about them no matter what. Another thing I have passion is for my goals. I want all of my goals to come true no matter how impossible they can be. My goals are the part of me, which help me wake up every day and keep me going in life. One of my goals is to finish community college and go to a four year university. I want to get my degree at the university that I will transfer to and become a pharmacist. As of the goals in my life, I can keep moving forward and change myself each day to become a better person. I don’t know what the world or people would be like without having any goals to set in their lives for a better future. Last, but not the least the most important passion I have for is to have a good future. I always had a passion to know about my future, if it is going to be bad or good. I always want to have a good future for myself to show myself what I have become in life. The future is very important to me because I have a passion for it. I would do anything to have a good and successful future. I don’t want to be a person or end up like that person who lives on the street or sell drugs to feed their family. I want to become an independent person, so whatever happens to me in the future I can handle it without needing anybody’s help to survive. I think these are the most important things that I have passion for and things that I care for quite a lot. I don’t think anybody would not disagree, but of course each person has their own things that they are passionate about. These passions are probably being the obvious to anybody, but not for me because of these passions I keep moving forward in life.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests

Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is highly relevant to the corporate scene, but companies must synchronize them with their shareholder interests in order to increase their chances of survival.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Position on Aaron Feuerstein’s views In the current business environment, it is not wise to hold such a view. Business landscapes have become ruthlessly competitive. If a CEO embarks on a venture that will benefit the larger community without creating a direct positive effect on profits, then other companies will run it out of business. They will be in a position to offer lower prices for their goods than the concerned firm, thus making it less attractive to consumers. If such endeavors continue in the long run, then the company may be forced to shut down. As such, the orga nization would be unable to safeguard either the community’s interests or the shareholders’ interests. For self preservation, companies must prioritize shareholder value over and above corporate social responsibility (Carrillo, 2007). If managers fail to do this, then the external environment will make that decision for them. The company may either be taken over by a stronger firm, or consumers will simply buy products from the competition. Most CEOs have the primary responsibility of enhancing shareholder value. If they do not achieve that, then they face the risk of removal by these very shareholders. Such a reality may not be true for family-owned businesses; however, most corporations in the world today have numerous shareholders who have the power to oust or retain a CEO. If one chooses to engage in a corporate responsibility initiative that does not add shareholder value, then that person is already making the decision for shareholders on how to spend their money . This is definitely not a CEO’s call. Therefore, I would say that corporate social responsibility should come second to shareholder interests. No CSR strategy should erode shareholder value. Nonetheless, if the initiative can co-exist or even enhance shareholder value, then companies should embrace it.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jack Welch’s vision versus Feuerstein’s vision At this point in time, profit maximization is what Malden Mills requires. The firm needs to focus on becoming competitive again. Therefore, Welch’s philosophies are more appropriate for the organization. Firms ought to improve social well being while serving their own interests. If taking care of the community or employees will create a fatal effect on shareholder value, then the former strategy should be forfeited. In Malden Mill’s industry, it is clear that a ruthless approach to profitability is necessary because failure to focus on this aspect is what led to Malden’s problems in the first place. Social welfare is not unimportant, but in the current corporate climate, it should enhance shareholder value. Several firms have embraced corporate social responsibility primarily because it is profitable to do so (Hsieh, 2009). For instance, manufacturing companies chose to use green energy because conventional energy prices soared. Therefore, they increased profits and also enhanced social well being through decreased pollution. These two strategies need to be in alignment with each other. Malden Mills went bankrupt and can only stretch its research and development strategies so far. It needs to take a bold approach to cost cutting and profit optimization. Conclusion Jack Welch’s vision will take this company because it has stagnated and even gone bankrupt owing to excessive CSR leanings. References Carrillo, E. (2007). Corpo rate governance: shareholder’s interests and other stakeholders’ interests. Corporate Ownership and Control 4(4): 222-235 Hsieh, N. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and the priority of shareholders. Business Ethics Journal 88: 553-560Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This case study on Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Interests was written and submitted by user Hazel Galloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isnt Murder

A Perspective on Why Abortion Isn't Murder The question of whether or not abortion is murder is one of the most contentious social and political issues of the day. Although the United States Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in 1973, the morality of terminating a pregnancy has been debated in the U.S. since at least the mid-1800s. A Brief History of Abortion Although abortions were performed in colonial America, they were not considered illegal or immoral. Premarital sex, however, was outlawed, which may have contributed to abortion being considered taboo by some. As in Great Britain, a fetus was not considered to be a living being until quickening, usually 18 to 20 weeks, when the mother could feel her unborn child move. Attempts to criminalize abortion began in Britain in 1803, when the procedure was outlawed if the quickening had already occurred. Further restrictions were passed in 1837.  In the U.S., attitudes toward abortion began to shift after the Civil War. Led by physicians who saw the practice as a threat to their profession and people opposed to the emerging womens rights movement, anti-abortion laws were passed in a majority of states by the 1880s. The outlawing of abortion in the U.S. did not make the practice disappear, however. Far from it. By the middle of the 20th century, it is estimated that as many as 1.2 million abortions were performed annually in the U.S. Because the procedure remained illegal, however, many women were forced to seek out abortionists who worked in unsanitary conditions or had no medical training, leading to the unnecessary deaths of countless patients due to infection or hemorrhaging. As the feminist movement gained steam in the 1960s, the push to legalize abortion gained momentum. By 1972, four states had repealed their abortion restrictions and another 13 had loosened them. The following year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7 to 2 that women had a right to an abortion, although states could impose restrictions on the practice. Is Abortion Murder? Despite or perhaps because of the Supreme Court ruling, abortion continues to be a hotly debated issue today. Many states have imposed severe restrictions on the practice, and religious and conservative politicians often frame the issue as one of morality and preserving the sanctity of life. Murder, as it is typically defined, involves the intentional death of another human person. Even if one were to assume that every embryo or fetus is as sentient as a grown human being, the lack of intent would still be enough to classify abortion as something other than murder. A Hypothetical Argument Lets imagine a scenario in which two men go deer hunting. One man mistakes his friend for a deer, shoots him, and accidentally kills him. Its hard to imagine that any reasonable person would describe this as murder, even though we would all know for certain that a real, sentient human person was killed. Why? Because the shooter thought he was killing a deer, something other than a real, sentient human person. Now consider the example of abortion. If a woman and her physician think theyre killing a non-sentient organism, then they would not be committing murder. At most, they would be guilty of involuntary manslaughter. But even involuntary manslaughter involves criminal negligence, and it would be very hard to judge someone criminally negligent for not personally believing that a pre-viable embryo or fetus is a sentient human person when we dont actually know this to be the case. From the point of view of someone who believes that every fertilized egg is a sentient human person, abortion would be horrific, tragic, and lethal. But it would be no more murderous than any other kind of accidental death. Sources Ravitz, Jessica. The Surprising History of Abortion in the United States. CNN.com. 27 June 2016.  BBC staff. Historial Attitudes to Abortion. BBC.co.uk. 2014.Carmon, Irin. A Brief History of Abortion Law in America. BillMoyers.com. 14 November 2017.Gold, Rachel Benson. Lessons from before Roe: Will Past be Prologue? Guttmacher.org. 1 March 2003.

Legal Thinking, Legal Logic, and Legal Philosophy Essay

Legal Thinking, Legal Logic, and Legal Philosophy - Essay Example Interpreting the law from different perspectives is a better approach to achieving justice. When using the constructive approach, interpretation of the law is more realistic because of its application to the specific situation at hand. Legal realism is the most appropriate legal philosophy for front-line supervisors in my profession. Notably, Holmes, who was a famous jurist in the United States Supreme Court, developed the approach. According to legal realism, the law defines the morality of the society. For this reason, the law has the role of promoting, redirecting, as well as hindering moral views. Supervisors should rely on legal realism and consider the law as an effective system for prediction of future outcomes if certain moral laws are broken (Posner, 2013). Moreover, supervisors who rely on legal realism do not let emotions confuse their analytical capability. Additionally, legal realism ensures that the supervisors do not base their judgments on their feelings, but rather focus on what is right. Legal realism promotes proactive behavior in supervisors who should focus on maintaining justice in all instances. Finally, legal realism ensures that supervisors can separate their opinions and emotions while ma king effective legal

Explain the determinants of daily price changes of a stock market Coursework

Explain the determinants of daily price changes of a stock market index of your choice - Coursework Example Based on relevant literature and economic theory, this paper explains why there is stock market price change almost every day. Determinants of Stock Market Price changes The table given below is a summary of stock price changes of Apple Inc, American Express, Ameriprise Financial Inc, Noble Corp and Johnson and Johnson, extracted from Bloomberg.com. This table illustrates daily stock price changes for the above mentioned companies. According to economists, there are various reasons and driving forces for this stock market price changes. Â   Apr-18 Apr-19 Daily Price Change Apr-20 Apr-21 Daily Price Change Apr-26 Apr-27 Daily Price Change Apple Inc 437.92 438.95 0.30% 439.3 448.21 2.00% 455.13 456.5 0.30% American Express 53.05 52.67 0.70% 52.67 52.83 0.30% Â   Â   Â   Ameriprise Financial Inc 69.7 70.1 0.60% Â   Â   Â   70.4 70.1 0.30% Noble Corp 46.79 46.82 0.10% Â   Â   Â   47.55 47.49 0.10% Johnson and Johnson 64.56 64.75 0.30% 65.11 65.44 0.33% Â   Â   Â   Source: Ro se, April 19, 2011, Rose, April 21, 2011, Rose April 25, 2011 and Rose April 27, 2011 The major forces in the market are demand and supply and the same play significant roles in fluctuating the stock price too. The above table shows that stock price of different companies change almost every day in different proportions. For instance, Apple’s share price change was 0.30% between April 18 and April 19 and 0.20% between April 20 and April 21. This change is the result of market forces namely demand and supply. In simple economic terms, if more people want to buy a commodity (share) than they want to sell it, then the price essentially increases. If more people want to sell it than buy it, then price conversely move down. It is highly important to understand what makes people prefer a particular share to another one. People like a stock only when they get good and positive news about the company, such as company’s earning. Investopedia (2011) considers market capitalizati on and company’s earning as major measures that people value stock price of a company. The value of a company is perhaps its market capitalization which can be found by multiplying the stock price by the outstanding shares. For instance, a company that sells its share at $250 and it has 10,000 outstanding shares has considerably less value than a company that sells its share at $100 and has 30,000 outstanding shares (250*10,000 = 250,000 whereas 100*30,000 is 300,000). People anticipate and even extensively go for studying the earnings or profitability of a company when they think to buy or sell its share, and if this causes them to buy more, as a result the demand will be more and the price will move up. If people find that company not to be profitable in long-run, they eventually will like to sell its shares and it will increases its supply causing price to decrease. Brigham and Houston (p. 10) explained that stock price changes over time as conditions change and investors obtain new information about a company’s prospects. A good example that he mentioned was stock price variation of Apple Inc. Its stock price ranged from $77 to 4193 between 12 months in 2008 rising and falling as good and bad news about the company released. Stock Price change and Gordon Growth model Gordon Growth mod

Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affirmative Action - Essay Example This multipurpose term is used for the set of programs developed by government in order to eliminate the discrimination based on race and gender. The affirmative action programs provide opportunities in education and employment. This facilitates the opportunities that can help beneficiary group to improve its skill, opportunities and uplift the social status. There are various studies that have covered the controversies around the affirmative action within the American society and politics. This has been viewed a politically motivated activity to increase or maintain the vote banks. The controversy is also linked with the tangibility factors of the affirmative action. This is termed as ‘reverse discrimination or preferential treatment’ by Mangum. Berry (2004) has studied the expansion of the affirmative action programs to the private sector by providing educational, training and employment opportunity to the protected groups with increase their recruitment in the organiz ation. There have been various studies and debates over the controversies around affirmative action.

Karl Marx: The Structure-Agency Problem

Karl Marx: The Structure-Agency Problem A hugely influential revolutionary thinker and philosopher, Marx did not live to see his ideas carried out in his own lifetime, but his writings formed the theoretical base for modern international communism. Karl Marx (1818-1883), was a German economist, philosopher, and revolutionist whose writings form the basis of the body of ideas known as Marxism. One of Marxs most important intellectual influences was the philosophy of George Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). Hegels signature concept was that of the dialectic, a word that originally referred to the process of logical argumentation and refutation. Hegels influence on Marx is evident in Marxs belief that history is evolving through a series of conflicts in a predictable, unavoidable direction. Hegel also influenced Marx in his characterization of the modern age. Marxs theory, which he called historical materialism is based on Hegels. Hegel claims that history occurs through a dialectic, or clash, of opposing forces. Hegel was a philo sophical idealist who believed that we live in a world of appearances, and true reality is an ideal. Marx accepted this notion of the dialectic, but rejected Hegels idealism because he did not accept that the material world hides from us. With the aid of Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) he produced much of the theory of modern Socialism and Communism. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism holds at its core a critical analysis of capitalism and a theory of social change. The powerful and innovative methods of analysis introduced by Marx have been very influential in a broad range of disciplines. The economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism. A Marxists thought is based on this daily practice, a philosophy called dialectics Thus, Marxism is both a theory and a practice. The theories of Marxism are sometimes called dialectical materialism; theory is based on a particular set of conditions that are always finite, and thus, any theory is necessarily limited. To test the validity of theory, Marxists rely on practice as the criteria of truth. Using such a methodology Marx and Engels examined history, which lead them to elaborate theories of the class struggle, the basis of social relations through economics, and the form of society that could follow capitalism. The bourgeoisie or capitalists are the owners of capital, purchasing and exploiting labour power, using the surplus value from employment of this labour power to accumulate or expand their capital. The proletariat are owners of labour power (the ability to work), and mere owners of labour power, with no resources other than the ability to work with their hands, bodies, and minds. Marx studied the differences arising between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie are interested mainly in developing a capitalist society, using advanced methods of production. The bourgeoisie are the capitalist who own the factories, the product made in the factories and controlled all the trade. The Proletariats have gained nothing in society but the thrill of their own labour. The proletariats feel that they are treated poorly from bourgeoisies; they receive only enough in life to survive and have no chance of achieving a higher, class status. The proletariats helped to improve production in society, which developed Capitalism and helped it to grow faster. The proletariats were not getting the wages they deserve for the labour that was accomplished. Marx wanted the proletariats to stand up to the bourgeoisie and cause a class conflict. The distribution of political power is determined by power over production (i.e., capital). Capital confers political power, which the bourgeois class uses to legitimatize and protect their property and consequent social relations. Class relations are political, and in the mature capitalist society, the states business is that of the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the intellectual basis of state rule, the ideas justifying the use of state power and its distribution, are those of the ruling class. The intellectual-social culture is merely a superstructure resting on the relation of production, on ownership of the means of production. Marx used the term mode of production to refer to the specific organization of economic production in a given socie ty. A mode of production includes the means of production used by a given society, such as factories and other facilities, machines, and raw materials. It also includes labour and the organization of the labour force. The term relation of production refers to the relationship between those who own the means of production (the capitalists or bourgeoisie) and those who do not (the workers or the proletariat). According to Marx, history evolves through the interaction between the mode of production and the relations of production. The mode of production constantly evolves toward a realization of its fullest productive capacity, but this evolution creates antagonisms between the classes of people defined by the relations of production-owners and workers. Capitalism is a mode of production based on private ownership of the means of production. Capitalists produce commodities for the exchange market and to stay competitive must extract as much labour from the workers as possible at the lowest possible cost. The economic interest of the capitalist is to pay the worker as little as possible, in fact just enough to keep the workers alive and productive. The workers, in turn, come to understand that their economic interest lies in preventing the capitalist from exploiting them in this way. As this example shows, the social relations of production are inherently antagonistic, giving rise to a class struggle that Marx believes will lead to the overthrow of capitalism by the proletariat. The proletariat will replace the capitalist mode of production with a mode of production based on the collective ownership of the means of production, which is called Communism. Marx describes how the worker under a capitalist mode of production becomes estra nged from himself, from his work, and from other workers. Drawing on Hegel, Marx argues that labour is central to a human beings self-conception and sense of well-being. By working on and transforming objective matter into sustenance and objects of use-value, human beings meet the needs of existence. Labour is as much an act of personal creation and a projection of ones identity as it is a means of survival. However, capitalism, the system of private ownership of the means of production, deprives human beings of this essential source of self-worth and identity. The worker approaches work only as a means of survival and derives none of the other personal satisfactions of work because the products of his labour do not belong to him. These products are instead expropriated by capitalists and sold for profit. In capitalism, the worker, who is alienated or estranged from the products he creates, is also estranged from the process of production, which he regards only as a means of surviva l. Estranged from the production process, the worker is therefore also estranged from his or her own humanity, since the transformation of nature into useful objects is one of the fundamental facets of the human condition. The worker is thus alienated from his or her species being, from what it is to be human. Finally, the capitalist mode of production alienates human beings from other human beings. Deprived of the satisfaction that comes with owning the product of ones labour, the worker regards the capitalist as external and hostile. The alienation of the worker from his work and of the worker from capitalists forms the basis of the antagonistic social relationship that will eventually lead to the overthrow of capitalism. The labour theory of value states that the value of a commodity is determined by the amount of labour that went into producing it. Marx defines a commodity as an external object that satisfies wants or needs and distinguishes between two different kinds of value that can be attributed to it. Commodities have a use-value that consists of their capacity to satisfy such wants and needs. For the purposes of economic exchange, they have an exchange-value, their value in relation to other commodities on the market, which is measured in terms of money. Marx asserts that in order to determine the relative worth of extremely different commodities with different use-values, exchange-value, or monetary value, must be measurable in terms of a property common to all such commodities. The only thing that all commodities have in common is that they are a product of labour. Therefore, the value of a commodity in a market represents the amount of labour that went into its production. The labour theor y is important in Marxs work not because it gives special insight into the nature of prices but because it forms the foundation of Marxs notion of exploitation. In the simplest form of exchange, people produce commodities and sell them so that they can buy other commodities to satisfy their own needs and wants. For Marx, the enterprise is the nucleus of class war both capital and labour are united by certain latent interests which, being contradictory, places them on the opposite sides of a conflict relation. Classes are conflict groups under conditions of absence of mobility, superimposition of authority, property, and general social status, superimposition of industrial and political conflict, and absence of effective conflict regulation. For Marx alienation is a physical and psychological condition which arises out of the conditions of modern work. Since the worker does not own what he produces, since he lives as an extension of the machine, since he hates what he does, then the worker does not own his own life, he is in a basic sense simply a human machine. He exists to himself as an alien object; the reality of capitalism for Marx is that it is not free. For Marx the connections between the theory of capitalism and the conditions of modern life are all too clear. Marx believed society was an evolving struggle. He believed Capitalism was an evolving structure. However, unlike Adam Smith, Marx did not believe this evolution was always smooth, nor did he believe it evolved for the best. In fact Marx, predicted the collapse of Capitalism. Marx placed great value on economic forces for explaining social structures. Marx examined society and argued that the wealth of capitalists was based on paying labour less than their true labour value (underpaid labour). This difference between the true labour value and the wages paid led to the accumulation of money capital. Workers were abused and disenfranchised. As capitalism developed, Marx predicted, workers would become increasingly alienated and seek to overthrow the capitalist class. Growth was not guaranteed but could become volatile leading to periods of economic slump. Marxists certainly point to the Great Depression of a vindication of how capitalism can fail.

Marginality and Othering in Metalious’ Peyton Place Essay -- Peyton Pl

Marginality and Othering in Metalious’Peyton Place Metalious’ best known novel, Peyton Place, was a bestseller and a media phenomenon in the mid-1950s and 1960s, creating a stir because of its depictions of teenage sexuality, incest, and illegal abortion. Surprisingly, however, few close examinations of the novel’s content and style have been published by literary critics. This essay provides a discussion of a key concern in the novel: racial, ethnic, geographical, and sexual marginality. Written to challenge the inscription of white, middle class, nuclear family life as the standard by which difference should be measured, Peyton Place features several characters who inhabit the metaphorical margins of American society, including Samuel Peyton, an escaped slave and the founder of the town; Tomoas Makris, a mysteriously handsome Greek school principal with several resemblances to George Metalious; and Selena Cross, a dark-skinned, beautiful young woman describes as a â€Å"gypsy,† whose life ties in to the incest and abortion subplots within the novel. I will provide a working definition of marginality and â€Å"othering† to begin this essay, followed by a discussion of Metalious’ social status as a French Canadian in New Hampshire, a description of the characterizations of Samuel Peyton and Selena Cross, and a final word on realism, reception, and the novel’s legacy. Marginality and â€Å"othering† are terms that have a long history in literary and critical discourse of the 20th century. In cultural criticism of the last three decades, these terms have been used to describe differences in power among individuals, nations, and cultural forms. In Orientalism, for instance, Edward Said invokes this idea of marg... ...ched understanding of the novel’s legacy. The unique and provocative treatments of marginality and othering in Peyton Place illustrate conflicts and anxieties that remain unresolved in 21st century American culture. Works Cited Mussell, Kay. Fantasy and Reconciliation: Contemporary Formulas of Women’s Romance Fiction. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984. Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. Sorrell, Richard S. â€Å"A Novelist and Her Ethnicity: Grace Metalious as a Franco-American,† Historical New Hampshire, Fall 1980: 284-327. Stearns, Jane and Michael Stearns. â€Å"Peyton Place.† Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. New York: Harper, 1992: 381-383. Toth, Emily. Inside Peyton Place: The Life of Grace Metalious. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001. â€Å"Unpopular Best Seller.† Life, November 12, 1956: 104.

How schools kills creativity Essay

Sir Ken Robinson present about how schools kills creativity in a very interesting way. In other words, he manage to grab people’s attention in all over twenty minutes of the presentation by telling jokes. According to Sir Ken Robinson these days students are educated to be a good workers rather than creators. Sir Ken said â€Å"Creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.† children have a great ability in innovation because they are not afraid to make mistakes. According to Sir Ken if you’re not prepared to be wrong you’ll never come up with anything original. However, being wrong is not the same thing as being creative but you can’t be creative unless you make some mistakes. These days we teach our children that being wrong is the worst thing ever and that kills creativity in them. Every single child in the world is an artist according to Picasso and if they’re frighten to make mistake they won’t be able to create anything, thus we’re educating them out of their creative capacities as Sir Ken said. No doubt that what Sir Ken said is right and I totally agree with him. I think that the way that we are educating people these days is not right at all, because we are putting limits to their minds. In other words, we recruit people to be workers not creators and so people want their degrees just to get a good job. As a result, they get their job and that’s it they do nothing, if we will push all people to study and get their degrees 50 years later degrees will have no value. Many people have talent but they think they’re not as Sir Ken said â€Å"Many highly talented, brilliant, creative people think they’re not — because the thing they were good at school wasn’t valued, or was actually stigmatized.†

World War II Essays - World War II, Military Strategy, Free Essays

World War II Essays - World War II, Military Strategy, Free Essays World War II In the early morning hours of September 1, 1939, the German armies marched into Poland. On September 3 the British and French surprised Hitler by declaring war on Germany, but they had no plans for rendering active assistance to the Poles. The Battle of Britain In the summer of 1940, Hitler dominated Europe from the North Cape to the Pyrenees. His one remaining active enemy?Britain, under a new prime minister, Winston Churchill?vowed to continue fighting. Whether it could was questionable. The British army had left most of its weapons on the beaches at Dunkirk. Stalin was in no mood to challenge Hitler. The U.S., shocked by the fall of France, began the first peacetime conscription in its history and greatly increased its military budget, but public opinion, although sympathetic to Britain, was against getting into the war. The Germans hoped to subdue the British by starving them out. In June 1940 they undertook the Battle of the Atlantic, using submarine warfare to cut the British overseas lifelines. The Germans now had submarine bases in Norway and France. At the outset the Germans had only 28 submarines, but more were being built?enough to keep Britain in danger until the spring of 1943 and to carry on the battle for months thereafter. Invasion was the expeditious way to finish off Britain, but that meant crossing the English Channel; Hitler would not risk it unless the British air force could be neutralized first. As a result, the Battle of Britain was fought in the air, not on the beaches. In August 1940 the Germans launched daylight raids against ports and airfields and in September against inland cities. The objective was to draw out the British fighters and destroy them. The Germans failed to reckon with a new device, radar, which greatly increased the British fighters' effectiveness. Because their own losses were too high, the Germans had to switch to night bombing at the end of September. Between then and May 1941 they made 71 major raids on London and 56 on other cities, but the damage they wrought was too indiscriminate to be militarily decisive. On September 17, 1940, Hitler postponed the invasion indefinitely, thereby conceding defeat in the Battle of Britain. U.S. Aid to Britain The U.S. abandoned strict neutrality in the European war and approached a confrontation with Japan in Asia and the Pacific Ocean. U.S. and British conferences, begun in January 1941, determined a basic strategy for the event of a U.S. entry into the war, namely, that both would center their effort on Germany, leaving Japan, if need be, to be dealt with later. In March 1941 the U.S. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act and appropriated an initial $7 billion to lend or lease weapons and other aid to any countries the president might designate. By this means the U.S. hoped to ensure victory over the Axis without involving its own troops. By late summer of 1941, however, the U.S. was in a state of undeclared war with Germany. In July, U.S. Marines were stationed in Iceland, which had been occupied by the British in May 1940, and thereafter the U.S. Navy took over the task of escorting convoys in the waters west of Iceland. In September President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized ships on convoy duty to attack Axis war vessels. The German Invasion of the USSR The war's most massive encounter began on the morning of June 22, 1941, when slightly more than 3 million German troops invaded the USSR. Although German preparations had been visible for months and had been talked about openly among the diplomats in Moscow, the Soviet forces were taken by surprise. Stalin, his confidence in the country's military capability shaken by the Finnish war, had refused to allow any counteractivity for fear of provoking the Germans. Moreover, the Soviet military leadership had concluded that blitzkrieg, as it had been practiced in Poland and France, would not be possible on the scale of a Soviet-German war; both sides would therefore confine themselves for the first several weeks at least to sparring along the frontier. The Soviet army had 2.9 million troops on the western border and outnumbered the Germans by two to one in tanks and by two

Protest Globalization essays

Protest Globalization essays When I look at the word Globalization many things come into my mind. However, the most positive of them consist of; a world that is more connected, the sharing of different thoughts and ideas and a world in which there are almost no barriers on what we listen to, read and even think. My generation has grown up in the prime of this and I have seen first hand the goodness that can come out of it and I have benefited in many ways from it. However, where there is a good side to Globalization, there too must be a bad one and that can be seen in the term Corporate Globalization. This term has been used a lot in the past decade, not only by me but by people all over the world that have seen the horrible affects of Corporations going global. In the following essay I will try to portray to you why there are a growing number of protests over this type of Globalization and I will give suggestions as to how we may end the corporate slaughter that is affecting all of us. The term Corporate Globalization is very self-explanatory in nature, but so are a lot of things. It is by looking within the term that we will find the true definition of what Corporate Globalization really is. Corporate Globalization is the way in which huge corporations all over the world (not just in the United States, although that is where a lot of it comes from) go into countries where they feel they can make a profit in (mainly countries in the Third World). In doing so these companies are taking a country that was once completely self sufficient and reliant on no one and putting them into the hands of major First World Powers. These corporations then force a huge change among the country that they are entering; this can be seen through the way in which the labourers are affected. When these corporations higher workers, they are only hiring them because they know that they can make a huge profit from being there ...

Attendance and Participation Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attendance and Participation Reflection - Essay Example This paper will look at my reflection on the attendance of cloud computing classes. I began attending the classes with an aim of advancing my understanding of computing and internetworking of computers in order to advance my understanding of the interconnectivity of the computers in a network. I had not imagined of using the interconnection aspect to ease the work at my father’s business. However, when I realized the need to improve the mode of operation of the business through cloud computing, I became more and more interested in the course and devoted much of my time in learning what actually this new aspect in the field of computing really mean and how I could apply this knowledge to improve and expand the business. The course made me realize that I can actually use only one computer as my main server and connect several other computers (commonly referred to as the daughter computers) to it in order to share information from a single pool. These other daughter computers (sister stations) can then be linked to one another and the same software be used at t he same time by several other users (multiple user aspect) (Jansen and Grace, 2011). Upon the realization of how easy computers can make life so cheap and efficient, I tried so much to invest much of my time in learning the basics of interconnectivity so that I could do this back at the business site. The topic on â€Å"Reliable and Secure it services† which was taught in the middle of the course actually evoked more my curiosity concerning how banks operate in sharing their services in different regions without actually doing it through the internet as I thought before. The topic was examining how reliable and secure such a network can be as compared to the other types of networking such as the global networking processes enabled by the companies such as Google and Microsoft. I then realized I can help my father expand his business in various regions and monitor the operations and remittance of the

An Epidemic of Fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Epidemic of Fear - Essay Example The impact of their study back then is worth nothing such that even today the immunization rates of measles, mumps and rubella have not been fully recovered. About the outbreak of epidemic emerging a year before Wakefield’s research was proven to be fraudulent, I feel that there was no connection between vaccines and autism in the first place. The research was highly plausible. In his article â€Å" An Epidemic of Fear†, Offit voiced out various risks. He never lobbied the Bush administration in its endeavors to implement a program that was aimed at giving smallpox vaccines to tens of thousands of Americans. He feared that implemented this program will kill people. According to him, the preventive vaccine was a bigger risk than the risk of chicken pox itself. It was the notion of risk in his mind that triggered the anti-vaccine movement. He felt that the parents should be given the option to opt out of such vaccines and be able to see for themselves if the movement would be risky for children or not. The idea was also embedded in CDC’s vaccination schedule- the overall risk to public health after such a move was too big to allow individuals or to give them the liberty to make decisions that will affect their communities. The risk is also one of the main motivating aspects of Offit’s life. He took the risk of giving his teen children the flu-vaccine even before it was recommended for children of their age group. The risk here for him was the harm inflicted on his children if they got sick. He wanted to protect his children at any risk and he also wanted Americans to be completely educated about risk and not automate their thinking mechanism. According to him â€Å" choice not to get a vaccine is not a choice to take no risk, It’s just a choice to take a different risk, and we need to be better about saying, ‘Here’s what that different risk looks like.’  

How to do research project on management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How to do research project on management - Essay Example There are numerous means of conducting qualitative research, methods such as focus groups, surveys as well as interviews. To facilitate the process of uncovering insightful findings, the author opts for a multi-method approach for a research strategy allowing for several methods of collecting the data. For the purpose of the study, surveys were used in conjunction with telephone interviews. To triangulate these primary data the author has also accessed the websites of the organizations for their core values, mission statements, messages and other secondary data as internal company records including organizational structures, annual reports etc. Such data can be â€Å"qualitatively analyzed† provided the â€Å"relevance to the study topic† is present. In designing surveys, it is important to establish the purpose of the survey and consider the key variables, which are being identified and how the data gathered will be analyzed. Having considered these aspects, 4 semi-str uctured descriptive questionnaires focusing on organizational culture, key HRM practices and two dimensions of work-related values were drawn up to facilitate the study. The questions were formed by employing relevance trees tactics keeping the focus on the key hypothesis being explored. The aim was to give proper direction to the research. The questionnaires were piloted with the aid of colleagues, so that the instruments clarity as well as effectiveness was assessed and adjustments were made to certain wording and removing technical jargon.

Logic and Paper Essay Example for Free

Logic and Paper Essay Papers written collaboratively will use different warrants and/or different forms of argumentation to support the claim and grounds of a paper as opposed to a paper writing a paper individually. One may suggest that the warrant of a paper is the most difficult element in supporting the claims and grounds of a paper. The warrant is used to connect the claims and grounds of a paper. â€Å"Without a warrant a reader may not reach the same connection or make similar connections between a claim and evidence as a writer† (Morse, 2010). Collaboratively, different warrants will arise in a paper to bring together the validity of the evidence presented. Having more than one perspective in a team paper is key. It allows various facts and statistics to be introduced and considered. â€Å"It eliminates the possibility of errors arising out failures and considers the effect of contributing elements† (Jones, 2010). In addition, a different perspective when writing collaboratively, creativity is embraced. Different ideas come to the forefront, which may not have come to light without different varies being heard. This creativity helps the reader to connect the claim and evidence which is known as the warrants. â€Å"As writers we must guide our readers through our logic and convince them that our interpretation is logical and sound† (Morse, 2010). Lastly, collaboratively, teams can determine when a paper is good enough using various methods. Team members can establish represents that needs to be met and if they are met before starting and ending a paper. On the contrary, writing a paper individually will bring forth only one warrant in a paper because only one perspective is in place. He or she brain storms alone and revises alone. â€Å"Basically, there are just too many people, too many ideas, and too many â€Å"experts† to come to an agreement and achieve a good result. It is simply why we have to constantly be reminded that there is â€Å"no ‘I’ in team† (Mattoon, Marc). When writing collaboratively, one determines whether an argument represents one’s own position by the tone and wording put forth in a paper. The tone is not always easy to figure out. One must determine the audience and look for clues to see how the author feels and the content of the paper. Depending on whether the author wants to sound formal or sarcastic will in turn determine the actual words used in the piece and how the author chooses to put those words together. Word choices, such as the adjectives used to explain something, and comparisons made are also key in determining one’s own position. References Jones, N. (2010,July). Collaboration at Work: A Look at the Pros and Cons. Retrieved from http://www. brighthub. com/office/collaboration/articles/73856. aspx Mattoon, L. (March, 2012). Working in a Team: Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved from http://www. job-interview-site. com Morse, S. (2010, June). Writers Handbook. Retrieved from http://www. uci. edu/programs/humcore/student/Writershandbook/ch9_cew_morse. html.

Typologies Of Tourist Behaviour Tourism Essay

Typologies Of Tourist Behaviour Tourism Essay It is important to have knowledge of peoples travel motivations and its association with destination selection plays a critical role in predicting future travel patterns. Tourist motivation can be defined as the global integrating network of biological and cultural forces which gives value and direction to travel choices, behaviour and experience. (Pearce, Morrison Rutledge, 1998) Some of the motives which determines a tourists travel choices are recreation, pleasure, new experiences, cultural interest, shopping. The adjectives and categorizations of tourists based upon motivations may differ in number, but recurrent themes emerge. For example the need to escape from everyday surroundings for the purpose of relaxation, and discovering new things, places and people are often alluded to. Many have viewed motivation as a major determinant of the tourists behaviour. Theories of motivation is the concept of needs and they are seen as the forces that arouses motivated behaviour and in order to understand human motivation, it is necessary to discover what needs people have and how they can be fulfilled and Maslows hierarchy of needs theory is the best known motivation theories. The push and pull concept is another line of travel motivation, while Plogs allocentrism/psychocentrism model will help explain phenomenal rise and fall of travel destinations. Cohen (1972) in his early studies, draws attention to the fact that all tourists are seeking some element of novelty and strangeness while, at the same time, most also need to retain something familiar. How tourists combine the demands for novelty with familiarity can in turn be used to derive a typology. According to Johns Gyimothy (2002) Cohen distinguished tourist using sociological principles into organised mass tourist, individual mass tourists, explorer and drifter. In this essay, we shall discuss different authors approach for travel motivation and typologies of tourists behaviour and shall critically review and compare these theories and typologies. Travel Motivation According to Crompton (1979), as cited in Bello Etzel (1985), the need for relaxation, exploration, social interaction and enhancement of kinship relationships act as dominant push motives in the vacation decision. Reversely, pull motives are aroused by the destination and include factors like scenic attractions, historical sites. Push factors are thought to establish the desire for travel and pull factors are thought to explain actual destination choice. Seaton (1997) suggests that the push factors include avoidance of work, cultural/social pressures at home. The pull factors include seeking leisure /play, freedom and escape. According to Maslow, there are five needs forming a hierarchy, progressing from the lower to the higher needs. Maslow argued that if the lower needs [physiological {hunger, thirst, rest}, safety {security}, belonging and love {affection, giving and receiving love}] are fulfilled the individual would be motivated by needs of the next level of the hierarchy [esteem {self-esteem and esteem for others}, self-actualisation {personal self-fulfilment}]. Cooper et al (2005) criticises Maslows theory saying that why and how Maslow selected the basic five needs remain unclear, although Page (2003) feels that it has relevance in understanding how human action is understandable and predictable compared to research which argues that human behaviour is essentially irrational and unpredictable. Cooper et al (2005) also questions the arrangement of the needs. Though Cooper et al (2005) criticises much about Maslows theory, he feels that tourism industry has borrowed a lot from Maslow because he provides a convenient set of containers that can be relatively labelled. Hudman (1980) as cited in Davidson and Maitland (1997) argue that Maslows (1943) hierarchy of needs provides a useful framework for understanding psychological motivational factors in tourism. Thus, for example, although the apparent purpose of a trip may be to visit friends and relatives, the underlying psychological motivation may be a need for belonging and the desire to reunite and reinforce family links. Iso-Ahola (1982) says that tourists will switch roles while on holiday, and that over time different needs will arise. Single motivation may not always act as the determining factor for travel. If within the holiday, the initial needs are satisfied, other motivations might emerge. Indeed, it is congruent with Maslows theories of needs to argue that if initially  there is a primary need for relaxation while on a holiday, the satisfaction of that need will create awareness of other needs such as exploration of place as a means of acquiring a sense of belonging or to enable processes of self-actualisation to take place. Beard and Ragheb (1983) stated four motivational needs as derived from the work of Maslow (1970).These are intellectual component which assesses the extent to which individuals are motivated to engage in leisure activities which involve activities such as learning, exploring, discovering, thought or imagining; the social component which assesses the extent to which individuals engage in leisure activities for social reasons. This component includes two basic needs the need for friendship and interpersonal relationships, while the second is the need for the esteem of others; the competence-mastery component which assesses the extent to which individuals engage in leisure activities in order to achieve, master, challenge and compete. The activities are usually physical in nature; the stimulus-avoidance component of leisure motivation which assesses the drive to escape and get away from over-stimulating life situations. It is the need for some individuals to avoid social contacts, to seek solitude and calm conditions; and for others it is to seek to rest and to unwind themselves. These four motivations form the foundation of their Leisure Motivation Scale which has been replicated in other studies, for example by Sefton and Burton (1987) and Loundsbury and Franz (1990).The original Ragheb and Beard Scale contained high-loaded items such as to use my physical skills and to develop physical skills and abilities. In the scale these are associated with competition and keeping fit. According to Ryan (1997) competency and mastery can also be demonstrated in other ways, including intellectual pursuits. Macintosh(1978) also identified four basic groups of motivations, which owe something to Maslows ideas: physical motivators(health, tension reduction); cultural motivators(art, religions); interpersonal motivators(visit with or to friends and relatives); status or prestige motivators(esteem, personal development). Hudman and Hawkins (1989) listed 10 main ones: health, curiosity, sport (participation), sport (watching), pleasure   believe destinations with a combination of natural resources( such as beaches, mountains, forests, rivers) and man-made facilities (ski-lifts, swimming pools, hiking paths), attract visitors whose principal holiday purpose is physical activity in any form, from simple walking or fishing to bungee-jumping, or even physical inactivity, such as sunbathing and relaxation], visual flight rules, professional and business, self-esteem, and religion. Schmoll (1977) grouped motivations into six combinations: educational and cultural (according to Davidson and Maitland (1997) general sightseeing-appreciating the natural and built environment, particularly when the latter is of historic interest-may be the motivating factor. It is certainly the been there-done that factor which is popular with many overseas visitors who undertake the London-Oxford-Stratford-Chester Lake District-Edinburgh-York-London circuit at the pace which astounds many of the British themselves); relaxation, adventure and pleasure; health and recreation; ethnic and family; social and competitive (including status and prestige). Iso- Aholas theory asserts that personal escape, personal seeking, interpersonal escape and interpersonal seeking motivate tourism. According to Snepenger et al (2006), personal escape meant to overcome bad mood, to have a change in pace from everyday life; interpersonal escape meant to get away from stressful environment, to avoid interaction with others; personal seeking meant to tell others about my experience, to feel good about myself; interpersonal seeking meant to be with people of similar interests, to meet new people. Dann (1981) has identified seven elements of tourist motivations: travel as a response to what is lacking yet desired; destination pull in response to motivational push; motivation as fantasy (engage in behaviour and activities that are culturally unacceptable in their home environment like prostitution and gambling); motivation as classified purpose(VFRs); motivational typologies; motivation and tourist experiences; motivation as auto-definition and meaning (the way in which tourist define their situations and respond to them). P.Pearce (1988) lists five travel motivations which he calls travel career ladder where tourists develop varying motivations of relaxation, stimulation, relationship, self-esteem and development, fulfillment. Page and Connell (2003) feels that it is in essence that tourist motivation is an ever changing process and we move up the ladder as we progress through the various life-cycle changes. In Pearces model, the motivations listed can be divided into two categories. The needs may be self-centered or directed at others. Thus, for example, relaxation may be a solo exercise where the holiday-maker seeks a quiet restful time alone for bodily reconstitution, or it can be relaxation in the company of others, springing from the need for external excitement and desire for novelty. Stimulation can be self-directed which springs from the concern for own safety, or it can be directed toward others arising out of the concern for others safety. Relationship can be self-directed which means giving love and affection and maintaining relationships, or it can be directed at others which means receiving affection, to be with group membership. Self-esteem and development maybe self-directed like development of skills, special interests, competence and mastery, or it may be directed at others like prestige, glamour of traveling. Fulfillment is totally self-directed as it fulfils individual dreams, understands oneself more and experience inner peace and harmony. There are some criticisms against Pearces travel motivations by Seaton (1997). For example, Pearce argues that stimulation may be understood along a dimension of risk and safety of self or others. However, it might be argued that there is a real and distinctive difference between these two motivations. To actualize a concern about the safety of others might mean placing oneself at physical  risk  in an attempt to help those who are in danger. The willingness to do this, it can be argued, is a characteristic of those who are certain in their own psychological maturity. Pearce Lee (2005) opines that in the Travel Career Ladder framework, the term career suggests that many people systematically move through a series of stage or have predictable travel motivational patterns. Some may predominantly ascend the TCL whereas others may remain at a particular level, depending upon contingency and other limitations like health and financial considerations. Typologies of Tourist Behaviour Cohen (1972), in his early studies, draws attention to the fact that all tourists are seeking some element of novelty and strangeness while, at the same time, most also need to retain something familiar. How tourists combine the demands for novelty with familiarity can in turn be used to derive a typology. Cohen (1972) the sociologist, identified four types of tourists: The organizational Mass tourist who buys tourists packages or all inclusive tours in order to visit classical mass tourism destinations, where everything is predetermined before hand and has a low degree of participation and involvement in the travel search for information. There is no sense of adventure or exploration. He/she belongs to an institutionalized type of tourism where the contact with the organizers of tourism industry is a constant. The individual mass tourist is similar to the organizational mass tourist, however this one is flexibility on his/her decisions and want to participate more in the process. The tourist strongly depends on the tourism industry but want to try some new things out of the closed and predetermined packages. The explorer is more adventurous, he wants to find his/her own experience participating actively in this decision choice. He arrange most of the elements of the travel by himself/herself, however sometimes he/she has to turn to a travel agency or tourism professionals to get some comfort or security amenities. The drifter looks for intensive experiences and he want to feel immerse in local communities. He/she completely abandon his relations with the institutions of tourism systems planning everything by him. He practiced a non institutionalized type of tourism. With this classification of tourists Cohen established an interesting link between the need of living unique experiences and the need of the perception of security. The more secure a tourist wants to feel, the more he will trust on tourism specialist and thus he will live less unique experiences (more standardized). Stanley Plog (1974 cited Plog 1991) developed a similar psychociological model designed to explain what type of people prefer what type of destination according to its psychographics characteristics. To the author, tourist population could be divided into a continuum of personalities distributed along the Gauss curve; from psychocentrics, individual travelers whom look for the unexplored, in one extreme to allocentrics, mass tourism tourists, in the other. After Cohen and Plog, researchers such us Dalen (1989), Smith (1989) or Urry (2002) for instances; they have attempted to create new categories of tourists based on their subject of research. It has to be pointed out that all the models proposed until now they are just descriptive and not relevant to the general tourism demand. They are just focused in one area of study and not in the bigger dimension where the tourist is immerse. In addition, they also fail in the same thing: they do not take into account the factors which determine the different types of tourists (Sharpley, 1999). These factors might be grouped into demographic and socioeconomic factors such us age, life cycle, gender and income; and structural social factors such as the existence of non tourists and capitalist tourism (Sharpley, 1999). Every person goes trough different stages in life, and depending on the age, familiar circumstances or income tourist will change from one typology to another. Moreover, in these classifications it is not always the tourist who can decide what tourist is going to be, but it is the society who is going to classify you (Swarbrooke and Horner, 2007).

Does Substance Use Increase Violence in Adolescents? Essay -- illicit

With different types of violence happening in all aspects of human life, and our perpetrators seemingly getting younger it brings to bear the question what role substance use has in crime. Crime comes in many forms, for example Cyber Bulling, Assaults, Intimate Partner Violence to name a few. Adolescent Suicide Cyber Bullying and Physical Assaults Suicide is the third leading cause of death (Murphy et al. 2012) If it is a crime or not is debatable. Suicide has historically been treated as a criminal matter in many parts of the world. However, the decriminalization of individual suicides has occurred in western societies (Wikipedia). Alcohol/ Illicit drug use is the prime behavior or risk factor associated with bullying and suicide. Conversely Victimization as a result of bullying shows an increase potential to adolescent alcohol/ drug use (Mitchell et al. 2007; Windle 1994). Other results from the studies of bullying victimization, and Alcohol use suggest that experiences of bullying creates an adverse cognitive process that increases the chance that an adolescent will use alcohol/illicit drugs. Using alcohol as a mechanism to deal with undesirable effects is reflective of research done in the past about the cause of adolescent substance use (Sher, Grekin, and Williams 2005). There are other studies that have shown subst ance use may have a cyclical relation in the ongoing effect of victimization and victimizing. The result is that substance use may facilitate young people that are already having suicidal thoughts to act upon them by decreasing inhibitions and raising destructive behaviors (Gould et al. 1998). Association Between Adolescent Drinking and Adult Violence The usage of alcohol plays a substantial part in t... ...the conï ¬â€šict in adolescent dating relationships inventory. Psycholog- ical Assessment, 13, 277–293. Wolfe, D. A., Scott, K., Wekerle, C., & Pittman, A. (2001b). Child maltreatment: Risk of adjustment problems and dating violence in adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 282–289. Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Ruggiero, K. J., Danielson, C. K., Resnick, H. S., Hanson, R. F., Smith, D. W., et al. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of dating violence in a national sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 755–762. Xue, Y., Zimmerman, M. A., & Cunningham, R. (2009). Relationship be- tween alcohol use and violent behavior among urban African American youths from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A longitudinal study. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 2041–2048.

Life Is What You Make It Essay

Playâ€Å" LIFE â€Å" A marvellous journey, a joyous song; smells of roses but also pricking thorns. A fairy tale or an interesting story long; yes this is life, take it, as it comes along. For a moment one is on success hunches; next day may be in disaster trenches. Reaping today the crops of joy, tomorrow the land may be barren and dry. Surrounded now by madding crowd; big gang of people but don’t feel proud. Later he may be a mourning loner; with none to love in the life fair. Endowed with success, do not go too high; flip of coin and good luck may defy. Also face the challenges with a smile; as even the darkest clouds will pass by. Life is continuity,no buttons to pause; a school but unknown is level of class. It cons you with the problems; but hidden in it are all the keys and solution. No absolutes or formulae for it are known; change is what every day shown. Stocked with loads of energy piecemeal; that fills it with enthusiasm and zeal. It has a few painful separations; but also some strengthening bonds of relation. It has myriad colours and emotions; sorrow and joy in equal sessions. SO†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Share, care and love your dears; no point in clinging on to your fears. For trifling grudges it is too short; do not let the failures you to thwart. Never hurt others, choices might distract; just sincerely follow your heart. Even amidst the agony never fret; do the best with what you get. Do not lose hope, keep learning new skill; march forward, life is a total thrill. Live without inhibition; as life is about surprises and wonderment. Instead of logic trust your intuition; have daily goals be it health or relation. Commit mistakes, you have every right; face it courageously with all the might. Do not envy but live uncluttered; fall in love anytime u want with whatever. First learn to enjoy and use the present; life will be then much more pleasant. So just a small adage to say; life is nothing but a stage play. Live every moment as it unfolds; each day is a new chapter to be told. Inevitable, lively and unpredictable; this trek of life is really adventurous. Nothing ventured, nothing gained is what they say; so go ahead and have your share of play†¦

Free Essays on The Life Of John Gotti

Marriage and Career Around 1960, when he was twenty, Gotti met and fell in love with Victoria DiGiorgio. The petite, raven-haired beauty was born to a Jewish father. Her parents divorced when she was still an infant and she later took the last name of her stepfather. Two years younger than Gotti, DiGiorgio dropped out of high school during her senior year. The two were married on March 6, 1962 almost a full year after the birth of their first child, Angela. The marriage proved to be a stormy one, with many fights and periods of separation. Yet despite their problems, the couple went on to have two more children in rapid succession: a second daughter, Victoria, and John A., who became known as â€Å"Junior.†Around this time, Gotti actually tried his hand at legitimate work a coat factory presser and a truck driver’s assistant - before ultimately turning all his energies toward a life of crime. Victoria Gotti disparaged her husband’s career. She disliked how it made her live. Once, wh en Gotti was away serving a three-year stretch, she was forced to apply for public welfare. Another time she took her husband to court for non-support. Years later FBI bugs would pick up conversations where Gotti talked about his wife, stating, â€Å"The woman is driving me crazy!†Gotti spent his first time in jail, a 20-day period, in 1963 when he was arrested with Salvatore Ruggiero, Angelo’s younger brother. They were in an automobile that had been reported stolen from a rental car agency. Gotti’s crimes during the early to mid-1960s were mostly petty in nature - larceny, unlawful entry, and possession of bookmaking records. In 1966 as well, he would spend several months in jail for an attempted theft.Yet 1966 proved to be a banner year for the Brooklyn hood. Gotti became an associate of a Mafia crew headed by Carmine Fatico and his brother Daniel. Operating out of a social club called the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club in Ozone Park, Queens, the Fat... Free Essays on The Life Of John Gotti Free Essays on The Life Of John Gotti Marriage and Career Around 1960, when he was twenty, Gotti met and fell in love with Victoria DiGiorgio. The petite, raven-haired beauty was born to a Jewish father. Her parents divorced when she was still an infant and she later took the last name of her stepfather. Two years younger than Gotti, DiGiorgio dropped out of high school during her senior year. The two were married on March 6, 1962 almost a full year after the birth of their first child, Angela. The marriage proved to be a stormy one, with many fights and periods of separation. Yet despite their problems, the couple went on to have two more children in rapid succession: a second daughter, Victoria, and John A., who became known as â€Å"Junior.†Around this time, Gotti actually tried his hand at legitimate work a coat factory presser and a truck driver’s assistant - before ultimately turning all his energies toward a life of crime. Victoria Gotti disparaged her husband’s career. She disliked how it made her live. Once, wh en Gotti was away serving a three-year stretch, she was forced to apply for public welfare. Another time she took her husband to court for non-support. Years later FBI bugs would pick up conversations where Gotti talked about his wife, stating, â€Å"The woman is driving me crazy!†Gotti spent his first time in jail, a 20-day period, in 1963 when he was arrested with Salvatore Ruggiero, Angelo’s younger brother. They were in an automobile that had been reported stolen from a rental car agency. Gotti’s crimes during the early to mid-1960s were mostly petty in nature - larceny, unlawful entry, and possession of bookmaking records. In 1966 as well, he would spend several months in jail for an attempted theft.Yet 1966 proved to be a banner year for the Brooklyn hood. Gotti became an associate of a Mafia crew headed by Carmine Fatico and his brother Daniel. Operating out of a social club called the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club in Ozone Park, Queens, the Fat...